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Compare New Zealand (2004) - Kiribati (2001)

Compare New Zealand (2004) z Kiribati (2001)

 New Zealand (2004)Kiribati (2001)
 New ZealandKiribati
Administrative divisions 13 regions; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne-Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Nelson-Marlborough, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina)
Age structure 0-14 years: 21.7% (male 443,211; female 422,507)


15-64 years: 66.7% (male 1,337,383; female 1,325,683)


65 years and over: 11.6% (male 203,084; female 261,949) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
40.53% (male 19,322; female 18,833)

15-64 years:
56.27% (male 26,136; female 26,841)

65 years and over:
3.2% (male 1,291; female 1,726) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, dairy products; fish copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish
Airports 113 (2003 est.) 21 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 46


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 11


914 to 1,523 m: 27


under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
total:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 70


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 29


under 914 m: 39 (2004 est.)
total:
17

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
Area total: 268,680 sq km


land: NA sq km


water: NA sq km


note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands
total:
717 sq km

land:
717 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
Area - comparative about the size of Colorado four times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances. The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati.
Birth rate 14.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 31.98 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $32.14 billion


expenditures: $30.13 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003)
revenues:
$33.3 million

expenditures:
$47.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA million (1996 est.)
Capital Wellington Tarawa
Climate temperate with sharp regional contrasts tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline 15,134 km 1,143 km
Constitution consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter 12 July 1979
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: New Zealand


abbreviation: NZ
conventional long form:
Republic of Kiribati

conventional short form:
Kiribati

note:
pronounced kir-ih-bahss

former:
Gilbert Islands
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 8.88 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $37.46 billion (2003 est.) $10 million (1999 est.)
Dependent areas Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Charles J. SWINDELLS


embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington


mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034


telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000


FAX: [64] (4) 499-0490


consulate(s) general: Auckland
the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to the Marshall Islands is accredited to Kiribati
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador L. John WOOD


chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800


FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu
Disputes - international territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency) none
Economic aid - donor ODA, $99.7 million -
Economic aid - recipient - $15.5 million (1995), largely from UK and Japan
Economy - overview Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Per capita income has been rising and is now 80% of the level of the four largest EU economies. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth, and it has been affected by the global economic slowdown and the slump in commodity prices. Thus far the economy has been resilient, and growth should continue at the same level in 2004. Expenditures on health, education, and pensions will increase proportionately. A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few national resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. The financial sector is at an early stage of development as is the expansion of private sector initiatives. Foreign financial aid, largely from the UK and Japan, is a critical supplement to GDP, equal to 25%-50% of GDP in recent years. Remittances from workers abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Performance in 2000 fell short of the 2.5% growth in 1999, which benefited from increased copra production and exceptionally large revenues from fishing licenses.
Electricity - consumption 34.88 billion kWh (2001) 6.5 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 37.51 billion kWh (2001) 7 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk
Environment - international agreements party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European 4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4% predominantly Micronesian with some Polynesian
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000), 1.8896 (1999) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since NA July 2002)


cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
chief of state:
President Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President Tewareka TENTOA (since 12 October 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President Tewareka TENTOA (since 12 October 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Assembly, includes the president, vice president, attorney general, and up to eight other ministers

elections:
the House of Assembly chooses the presidential candidates from among their members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 27 November 1998 (next to be held by NA November 2002); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Teburoro TITO reelected president; percent of vote - Teburoro TITO 52.3%, Dr. Harry TONG 45.8%, Amberoti NIKORA 1.9%, Taberannang TIMEON 0%
Exports 30,220 bbl/day (2001) $6 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports - commodities dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish
Exports - partners Australia 21.8%, US 14.6%, Japan 11%, China 4.9%, UK 4.8% (2003) Bangladesh, Australia, US, Hong Kong (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June NA
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean
GDP purchasing power parity - $85.34 billion (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $76 million (2000 est.), supplemented by a nearly equal amount from external sources
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 4.8%


industry: 27.4%


services: 67.8% (2003 est.)
agriculture:
14%

industry:
7%

services:
79% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $21,600 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $850 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.5% (2003 est.) 1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 41 00 S, 174 00 E 1 25 N, 173 00 E
Geography - note about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world 20 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru
Highways total: 92,053 km


paved: 57,809 km (including at least 190 km of expressways)


unpaved: 34,244 km (2000)
total:
670 km (1996)

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 0.3%


highest 10%: 29.8% (1991 est.)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports 119,700 bbl/day (2001) $44 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel
Imports - partners Australia 22.2%, US 11.8%, Japan 11.8%, China 9%, Germany 5.3% (2003) Australia, Fiji, Japan, NZ, China (1999)
Independence 26 September 1907 (from UK) 12 July 1979 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 1.3% (2003 est.) 0.7% (1992 est.)
Industries food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining fishing, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate total: 5.96 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.83 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
54 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.8% (2003 est.) 2% (1999 est.)
International organization participation ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 2,850 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch High Court; Court of Appeal Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president
Labor force 2.008 million (2003 est.) 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 10%, industry 25%, services 65% (1995) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 5.6%


permanent crops: 6.99%


other: 87.41% (2001)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
51%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
3%

other:
46% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official), Maori (official) English (official), I-Kiribati
Legal system based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for the Maori; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations NA
Legislative branch unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; 69 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, and 51 proportional seats chosen from party lists, all to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 27 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NZLP 52, NP 27, NZFP 13, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 9, UF 8, other 2
unicameral House of Assembly or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (41 seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member, and one nominated to represent Banaba; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 23 September 1998 (next to be held by NA September 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Maneaban Te Mauri Party 14, National Progressive Party 11, independents 14
Life expectancy at birth total population: 78.49 years


male: 75.5 years


female: 81.61 years (2004 est.)
total population:
60.16 years

male:
57.25 years

female:
63.22 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99% (1980 est.)


male: NA


female: NA
definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia Oceania, group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (GMT +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line
Map references Oceania Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 77,523 GRT/108,352 DWT


by type: bulk 3, cargo 2, container 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 2


foreign-owned: Australia 1, Isle of Man 1


registered in other countries: 8 (2004 est.)
total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT

ships by type:
passenger/cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note - Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ
Military branches New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.147 billion (FY03/04) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1% (FY02) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,033,464 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 868,984 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 27,157 (2004 est.) -
National holiday Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) Independence Day, 12 July (1979)
Nationality noun: New Zealander(s)


adjective: New Zealand
noun:
I-Kiribati (singular and plural)

adjective:
I-Kiribati
Natural hazards earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Natural resources natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
Net migration rate 4.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 2,213 km; liquid petroleum gas 79 km; oil 160 km; refined products 304 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders ACT New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; Progressive Coalition [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE] Maneaban Te Mauri Party [Teburoro TITO]; National Progressive Party [Teatao TEANNAKI]

note:
there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 3,993,817 (July 2004 est.) 94,149 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA NA%
Population growth rate 1.05% (2004 est.) 2.31% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington Banaba, Betio, English Harbor, Kanton
Radio broadcast stations AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998) AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - 17,000 (1997)
Railways total: 3,898 km


narrow gauge: 3,898 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2003)
0 km
Religions Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986) Roman Catholic 54%, Protestant (Congregational) 30%, some Seventh-Day Adventist, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, and Church of God (1996)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems


domestic: NA


international: country code - 64; submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)

note:
Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service
Telephones - main lines in use 1.765 million (2002) 2,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2.599 million (2003) NA
Television broadcast stations 41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997) 1 (1997)
Terrain predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Total fertility rate 1.79 children born/woman (2004 est.) 4.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 4.7% (2003 est.) 2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
Waterways - 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands)
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